Populism describes political movements and schools of thought that prioritize the interests and needs of the common people over those of the elite or established institutions. It typically emphasizes the idea of a "pure people" versus a "corrupt elite," and often seeks to mobilize support by appealing to the grievances and frustrations of the general populace (pg. 543).
At its core, populism champions the notion that the will of ordinary citizens ought to hold sway over government decisions and policies. It often manifests in charismatic leaders who claim to represent the unfiltered voice of the people at large and promise to address their concerns. Populist movements can emerge across the ideological spectrum, from left-wing movements advocating for economic equality to right-wing movements focusing on issues like immigration and national identity.
While populism can invigorate democratic participation by engaging citizens who feel marginalized or disenfranchised, it also poses challenges to democratic norms and institutions. Populist leaders may concentrate power in their hands, undermine checks and balances, and weaken democratic institutions in the name of representing the will of the people without corrupt bureaucracy getting in the way. (see: Democratic Backsliding)
Understanding the relationship between populism and democracy is complex and often debated. While populism can harness democratic sentiments and energize political participation, it can also erode democratic principles by fostering polarization, undermining the rule of law, and disregarding minority rights.
For more on the subject, it may be helpful to refer to the following links:
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070753
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102503
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.20201595